To a great degree, we are who we are because of the hormones produced in our body. From our sexuality to our physical and mental development to the state of our health—we are all dependent on our hormones working properly. When there is an overproduction or under-production of any of our hormones, we can experience a host of serious health disorders. The problem is few of us ever connect these issues with our hormones. And while men may be familiar with testosterone, there are others that are just as important. To address this lack of information, bestselling author Dr. Pamela Wartian Smith has written Maximize Your Male Hormones, a clear guide for men to understand, identify, and treat the many common sources of these ailments including:

Fatigue
Depression
Sexual Dysfunction
Headaches
Anger
Cancer
Nervousness
Weight loss/gain
Heart disease
Male menopause
Stress
Mood swings
Diabetes
Sleep apnea

And so much more

These are all serious disorders that, if left untreated, can be life-threatening. By first recognizing this problem and identifying the hormone most normally associated with it, you will learn there is a great deal that you can do to fix the problem. In her book, Dr. Smith not only provides the medical treatments available—she also includes the natural supplements that have proven to be helpful, as well as the lifestyle changes that can help bring a hormone back in balance.

If any of these problems sound familiar, maybe it’s time to do something about them. Don’t let your hormones ruin your life. With Maximize Your Male Hormones in hand, you will learn that there is a good deal that you can do to help control or even eliminate many of these disorders.

Pamela Wartian Smith, MD, MPH, MS, is a diplomate of the American Academy of Anti-Aging Physicians and past co-director of the Master's Program in Medical Sciences, with a concentration in Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, at the Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida. An authority on the subjects of wellness and functional medicine, she is also the founder of the Fellowship in Anti-Aging, Regenerative, and Functional Medicine. Dr. Smith is the best-selling author of ten books, including What You Must Know About Vitamins, Minerals, Herbs & So Much More; What You Must Know About Women's Hormones; and What You Must Know About Memory Loss.

"Exceptionally well written, organized and presented . . . an ideal and essential resource for the non-specialist general reader concerned about men's health issues ranging from Prostate Disease to Osteoporosis. Highly recommended for personal, professional, community, and academic library Health/Medicine collections . . . [will] help control or even eliminate many of these common male medical disorders as the body ages."

Introduction

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Part I

Testosterone

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Feldman, H., et al., “Age rends in the level of serum testosterone and other hormones in middle-aged men: longitudinal results from the Massachusetts Male Aging Study,” Jour Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002; 87:589-98.

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Lorigo, M., et al., “Vascular pathways of testosterone: Clinical implications,” Jour Cardiovasc Trans Res 2020; 13(1):55-72.

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Malkin, C., et al., “Low serum testosterone and increased mortality in men with coronary heart disease,” Heart 2010; 96:1821-25.

McKeever, W., et al., “Testosterone, dihydrotestosterone and spatial task performance of males,” Bull Psychon Soc 1990; 28:305-08.

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Moffat, S., “Effects of testosterone on cognitive and brain aging in elderly men,” Ann NY Acad Sci 2005; 1055:80-92.

Morley, J., et al., “Potentially predictive and manipulable blood serum correlates of aging in the healthy human male: progressive decreases in bioavailable testosterone, dihydroepiandrosterone sulfate, and the ratio of insulin-like growth factor 1 to growth hormone,” Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1997; 94:7537-42.

Morley, J., et al., “Potentially predictive and manipulable blood serum correlates of aging in the healthy human male: progressive decreases in bioavailable testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, and the ratio of insulin-like growth factor 1 to growth hormone,” Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1997; 94:7537-42.

Pasquali, R., et al., “Effects of acute hyperinsulinemia on testosterone serum concentrations in adult obese and normal-weight men,” Metabolism 1997; 46(5):526-29.

Pines, C., et al., “Variations in the concentration of the sex hormone binding globulin is a major factor causing a variation in total testosterone values,” Endocrinol Nutr 2009; 56(4):209-12.

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Rettori, V., et al., “Role of nitric oxide and alcohol on gonadotropin release in vitro and in vivo,” Ann N Y Acad Sci 1998; 840:185-93.

Rizza, R., et al., “Androgen effect on insulin action and glucose metabolism,” Mayo Clin Proc 2000; 75(Suppl):S61-S64.

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Sarkola, T., et al., “Testosterone increase in men after a low dose of alcohol,” Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2003; 27:682-85.

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Stellato, R., et al., “Testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin, and the development of type 2 diabetes in middle-aged men: prospective results from the Massachusetts male aging study,” Diabetes Care 2000; 23(4):490-94. 

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Torkler, S., et al., “Inverse association between total testosterone concentrations, incident hypertension and blood pressure,” Aging Male 2011; 14(3):176-82.

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Vermeulen, A., “Androgen replacement therapy in the aging male---a critical evaluation,” Jour Clin Endocrinol Metabol 2001; 86:2380-90.

Vermuelen, A., et al., “Andorgens in the aging male,” Journ Clin Endocrin Met 1991; 73(2):221-224.

Wang, C., et al., “ISAm ISSAm, EAU, EAA, and ASA recommendations: investigation, treatment and monitoring of late-onset hypogonadism in males,” Aging Male 2009; 12:5-12.

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Wright, J., “Endocrine effects of alcohol,” Clin Endocrinol Metab 1978; 7:351-67.

Yeap, B., “Testosterone and ill-health in aging men,” Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab 2009; 5(2):113-21.

Estrogen

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Abbott, R., et al., “Serum estradiol and risk of stroke in elderly men,” Neurology 2007; 68(8):563-68.

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Celhay, O., et al., “Expression of estrogen related proteins in hormone refractory prostate cancer: association with tumor progression,” Jour Urol 2010; 184(5):2172-78.

Cooke, P., et al., “Estrogens in male physiology,” Physiol Rev 2017; 97(3):995-1043.

Dobbs, R., et al., “Estrogens and prostate cancer,” Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2019; 22(2):195-94.

Dunajska, K., et al., “Evaluation of sex hormone levels and some metabolic factors in men with coronary atherosclerosis,” Aging Male 2004; 7(3):197-204.

Farnsworth, W., “Roles of estrogen and SHBG in prostate physiology,” Prostate 1996; 28:17-23.

Gibbs, R., et al., “Estrogen and cognition: applying preclinical findings to clinical perspectives,” Jour Neurosci Res 2003; 74(5):637-43.

Hess, R., et al., “Estrogen in the male: a historical perspective,” Biol Repro 2018; 99(1):27-44.

Hogervorst, E., et al., “Serum total testosterone is lower in men with Alzheimer’s disease,” Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2001; 22(3):163-68.

Lerchbaum, E., et al., “High estradiol levels are associated with an increase in mortality in older men referred to coronary angiography,” Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2011; 119(8):490-96.

Lerchbaum, E., et al., “High estradiol levels are associated with an increase in mortality in older men referred to coronary angiography,” Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2011; 119(8):490-96.

Mohamad, M., “Serum levels of sex hormones in men with acute myocardial infarction,” Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2007; 28(2):182-86.

Palaszynski, K., et al., “Estriol treatment ameliorates disease in males with experimental autoimmune encephalitis: implications for multiple sclerosis,” Jour Neuroimmunol 2004; 149(1-2 84-1.

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Sudhir, K., et al., “Cardiovascular actions of estrogens in men,” Jour Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999; 84(10):3411-15.

Sudhir, K., et al., “Cardiovascular actions of estrogens in men,” Jour Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999; 84(10):3411-15.

Tivesten, A., et al., “Circulating estradiol is an independent predictor of progression of carotid artery intima-media thickness in middle-aged men,” Jour Clin Endocrinol Met 2006; 91(11):4433-37.

Tivesten, A., et al., “Low serum testosterone and high serum estradiol associated with lower extremity peripheral arterial disease in elderly men. The MROS Study in Sweden,” Jour Amer Coll Cardiol 2007; 50(11):1070-76.

Tripathi, Y., et al., “Serum estradiol and testosterone levels following acute myocardial infarction in men,” Jour Physiol Pharmacol 1998; 42(2):291-94.

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Ulloa-Aguirre, A., et al., “Clinical applications of gonadotropins in the male,” Prog Mole Biol Trans Sci 2016; 143:121-74.

Vermeulen, A., et al., “Estradiol in elderly men,” Aging Male 2002; 5(2):98-102.

Progesterone

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Barrett-Connor, E., et al., “A prospective study of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, mortality, and cardiovascular disease,” NEJM 1986; 315(24):1519-24.

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Buffington, C., et al., “Case report amelioration of insulin resistance in diabetes with dehydroepiandrosterone,” Amer Jour Med Sci 1993; 306(5):320-24.

Buford, T., et al., “Impact of DHEA(S) and cortisol on immune function in aging: a brief review,” Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2008; 33(3):429-33.

Bumke-Bogt, C., et al., “Expression of the progesterone receptor and progesterone-metabolizing enzymes in the female and male human kidney,” Jour Endocrinol 2002; 175(2):349-64.

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Cameron, D., et al., “The use of dehydroepiandrosterone therapy in clinical practice,” Treat Endocrinol 2005; 492):95-114.

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Cooke, P., et al., “Estrogens in male physiology,” Physiol Rev 2017; 97(3):995-1043.

De Bruin, V., et al., “Cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate plasma levels and their relationship to aging, cognitive function, and dementia,” Brain Cogn 2002; 50(2):316-23.

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Napoli, N., et al., “Estrogen metabolism modulates bone density in men,” Calcif Tissue Int 2007; 80(4):227-32.

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DHEA

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Huerta-Garcia, E., et al., “Dehydroepiandrosterone inhibits the activation and dysfunction of endothelial cells induced by high glucose concentration,” Steroids 2012; 77(3):233-40.

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Khorram, O., et al., “Activation of immune function by dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in age-advanced men,” Jour Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 1997; 52(1):1-7.

Khorram, O., et al., “Activation of immune function by dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in age-advanced men,” Jour Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 1997; 51(1):M1-M7.

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Luppi, C., et al., “Growth factors decrease in subjects with mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease (AD): potential correction with dehydroepiandrosterone-sulphate (DHEAS),” Arcch Gerontol Geriatr 2009; 49(Suppl 1):173-84.

Martina, V., et al., “Short-term dehydroepiandrosterone treatment increases platelet cGMP production in elderly male subjects,” Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2006; 64(3):260-64.

Mitchell, L., et al., “Evidence for an association between dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and nonfatal, premature myocardial infarction in males,” Circulation 1994; 89(1):89-93.

Morales, A., et al., “Effects of replacement dose of dehydroepiandrosterone in men and women of advancing age,” Jour Clin Endocrinol Metab 1994; 78(6):1360-67. Erratum in: Jour Clin Endocrinol Metab 1995; 80(9):2799.

Morgan, C., et al., “Relationships among plasma dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and cortisol levels symptoms of dissociation and objective performance in humans exposed to acute stress,” Arch Gen Psychiatry 2004; 61(8):819-25.

Morgan, C., et al., “Relationships among plasma dehydroepiandrosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, cortisol, symptoms of dissociation and objective performance in humans exposed to underwater navigation stress,” Biol Psychiatry 2009; 66(4):334-40.

Morley, J., “Hormones and the aging process,” Jour Amer Geriatr Soc 2003; 51(Suppl 7):S333-S337.

Muller, M., et al., “Endogenous sex hormones in men aged 40–80 years,” Eur Jour Endocrinol 2003; 149:583–89.

Ponholzer, A., et al., “Vascular risk factors and their association to serum androgen levels in a population-based cohort of 75-year-old men over 5 years: results of the VITA study,” World Jour Urol 2009; 28(2):209-14.

Ponikowska, B., et al., “Gonadal and adrenal androgen deficiencies as independent predictors of increased cardiovascular mortality in men with type II diabetes mellitus and stable coronary artery disease,” Int Jour Cardiol 2010; 143(3):343-48.

Rutkowski, K., et al., Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA): hypes and hopes,” Drugs 2014; 74(11):1195-207.

Samaras, N., et al., “A review of age related dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) decline and its association with well-known geriatric syndromes. Is treatment beneficial? Rejuvenation Res 2013; May 7.

Savineau, J., et al., “Role of DHEA in cardiovascular disease,” Biochemical Pharmacol 2013; 85(6):718-26.

Schmidt, P., et al., “Dehydroepiandrosterone monotherapy in midlife-onset major and minor depression,” Arch Gen Psychiatry 2005; 62:154-62.

Straub, R., et al., “Dehydroepiandrosterone in relation to other adrenal hormones during an acute inflammatory stressful disease state compared with chronic inflammatory disease: role of interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor,” Eur Jour Endocrinol 2002; 146(3):365-74.

Straub, R., et al., “Replacement therapy with DHEA plus corticosteroids in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases—substitutes of adrenal and sex hormones,” Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie 2000; 59(uppl2):108-18.

Straub, R., et al., “Serum dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and DHEA sulfate are negatively correlated with serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), and DHEA inhibits IL-6 secretion from mononuclear cells in man in vitro: possible link between endocrinosenescence and immunosenescence,” Jour Clin Endocrinol Metabol 1998; 83(6):2012-17.

Straub, R., et al., “Serum dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and DHEA sulfate are negatively correlated with serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), and DHEA inhibits IL-6 secretion from mononuclear cells in man in vitro: possible link between endocrinosenescence and immunosenescence,” Jour Clin Endocrinol Metabol 1998; 83(6):2012-17.

Talaei, A., et al., “The effect of dehydroepiandrosterone on insulin resistance in patients with impaired glucose tolerance,” Hormones (Athens) 2010; 9(4):326-31.

Tannenbaum, C., et al., “A longitudinal study of dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) change in older men and women: the Rancho Bernardo Study,” Eur Jour Endocrinol 2004; 151:717–25. 

Traish, A., et al., “Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)—a precursor steroid or an active hormone in human physiology,” Jour Sexual Med 2011; 8(11):2960-82.

Van Hollenhoven R., et al., “Treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus with dehydroepiandrosterone: 50 patients treated up to 12 months,” Jour Rheumatol 1998; 25(2):285-89.

Villareal, D., et al., “Effect of DHEA on abdominal fat and insulin action in elderly women and men,” JAMA 2004; 292:2243-48.

Wang, Y., et al., “Dehydroepiandrosterone indirectly inhibits human osteoclastic resorption via activating osteoblastic viability by the MAPK pathway,” Chin Med Jour (Engl) 2012; 125(7):1230-35.

Watson, R., et al., “Dehydroepiandrosterone and diseases of aging,” Drugs Aging 1996; 9(4):274-91.

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